Wanne ne dole ne a yi hisabi lokacin da aka samun camshafts don ilimin nufin na mota?

Fahimtar Bayani Na Camshaft Da Aiki Na Injin

Lift da Tsawon Lokaci: Yadda Suke Tsara Aiki

Yawa da ke nema camshaft ya kalli valves (tsawon hanyin bukata su) kuma yawa da ke cikin tsawon aikin waɗannan valves suna bukata suna iya hada zane-zane na uku gaban abubuwan sama da za a iya samun shahara. Lokacin da hakan zai karu, zai bada wuyar abubuwan sama da fuel zuwa cikin cylinders. Kuma lokacin da tsawo zai karu, valves zai kasance suna bukata girma a karkashin. Duk dabbobin wannan suna mahimmanci sosai a karkashin RPMs mai hirji inda mesin suna buƙatar iyaka mai zurfi. Wasu gwaji-gwaji suna nuna cewa wasu nemojin cam da ke da roughly 8 ko 9 mm lift tare da approximately 270 degrees na valve timing zasu iya kara horsepower sosai a cikin forced induction setups. Amma wannan nau'in aggressive cam profiles ke tabbata low speed torque kuma yadda mesin ke fuskanta lokacin da aka amfani da shi normal, wanda shine dalilin wacce mutum manya masu jiri ba su sha'awar dukkanin wannan settings mai zurfi.

Tsawon Camshaft da RPM Range: Haɗin Profile zuwa Operating Speed

Tsawon camshaft ya haɗa da wata range na RPM injin dole ne aiki da shi. Lokacin da muka yi bayani game da cams na yaya, wadanda suna kusa da darajar 200 zuwa 220 digiri, suna zaman suwa lokacin da injin ke aiki taushe da 4,500 RPM. Wannan yana sa su zama maimakon gaske don karimusu masu nuna abubuwan sana'aa. Bayan nan, tsari mai tsawo mai fi 260 digiri yana taimaka wajen samun ukuwarta mai zurfi daga injin masu rage, kamar alama muna ga shi a karamus rassa. Idan aka kuskure wannan, zai ba da batutuwa. Dole gaba daya da camar 240 digiri ana rashin amfani da shi a karimon da bai rage kyau ba. Abin da ya faru? Karamar ukuwarta mai farko wacce yake tsakanin yankin waɗansu masu sayarwa. Bamuyoyin nazarin bayyane cewa wannan batutuwa zai iya raguwa ukuwarta a tsakanin range ta hanyar 12%, kamar yadda yake, saboda ruwa bai samu da shiga injin da kwayoyin ayyukan shi ba.

Lobe Separation Angle da Valve Overlap: Nuna Taushe tsakanin Rangin Gini da Ukuwarta Mai Tsaki

Yana nuna wace yanayin da ke tsaki tsakanin intake da exhaust valves suna sama a lokacin daya, ko LSA kamar yadda aka fi kirce shi. Lokacin da muka yi baƙin hankali kan anguler mai tsanyawa daga cikin 104 zuwa 108 daraja, abin da zai faru shine za a sami karin valve overlap. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen kara saurin gudu na injin a darajar RPM mai zurfi amma akwai maɓallin—yana nufi injin ya rungume a lokacin idle, kuma ya lost some vacuum power. Don haka daliban mashehuɗɗiya masu rike suna amfani da LSA setting na kusan 106 daraja, kadan lokaci suna kara suka sami kusan 12 daraja na overlap don samun kama-girma mai zurfi. A hanyar baya, anguler mai tsanyawa daga cikin 112 zuwa 116 daraja suna haɗawa injin mai kyauwun rungume wanda zai rungwon sauri a makera mai tsani. Makera mai sadarwa suna da labari daga wannan sabis saboda babu kimata ce za ta kashe ko ta fuskita lokacin ta tsaye a traffic light. Maɓallin? Anguler waɗannan ba su baƙin sarrafa alikula sai dai ba a darajar sauri mai zurfi kamar anguler mai tsanyawa.

Saurin Camshaft da Degreeing the Cam don Saitin Daɗewa

Yin saukawa da ma'aunin cam timing yana da mahimmanci sosai. Kusan kowane digri daya daga sarari zata bisa shafin cylinder takamatan 9%, wanda ke kashewa tsarin yin amfani da kudaden na 'engine'. Babban mai sauya injin suna amfani da degree wheel don saita duk abubuwan aiki, saboda kayan aikin fabrika ba tare da kyau bane. Wasu mutane ke sauya abubuwan ta hanyar kara matakan intake lobe center kusan digri hufo don bamusa torque a RPM mai ƙasa ba za ta bada wahala zuwa ga uku. Wannan albabban hanyar yin lafiya yana cikin wadansu abubuwan da ke chace mutum sai yana buwar saitin ma'auni don samun abubuwan da ke cikin yakin gaskiya.

Iyakar Camshaft zuwa Abubuwan Na'ura da Amfani

Tali, Raba, ko Raya: Zabtar Camshaft Da Daidaita Ga Yanayinku

Zaɓi na camshaft mai kyau ya dace da abin da kekera yanzu ana amfani da nuni. Ga yin amfani na rashin yawa a kofon, cams da ke 6 zuwa 7.5mm lift da kuma yanzu 200 zuwa 220 daraja a 0.050 inch zasu ba da gaskiya mai sauƙi ga motokarin sai bayan kawo su daga stop signs ko traffic lights. Amma mesinai masu karatu suna da dabi'u, wadanda ke buƙata sauran ikoƙin cikin 270 daraja tare da yanzu 8.7mm lift. Wadannan abubuwan nuna sun ƙara saƙar da flow na ukuwa a cikin cylinder heads ne na mesinai ta yanzu 18 zuwa 22% karancin abubuwan da aka samuwa. Lokacin da za a yi amfani da wuroda don yin wasanni, zamu iya amfani da tsakar lobe separation angles tsakanin 114 da 118 daraja saboda wannan haɓaka zai kara karshen torque ta yanzu 12 zuwa 15% a cikin range na mituna inda yankuna ke yawa, kuma zai kama da saukewa akan kayan valve train a lokacin yin wasanni mai tswechi a kan kofon.

Gwagwado na injin da Ranar Tattara Iyaka Mai Ci Gaba tare da Zabtaun Cam

Kada kake tsara gwagwado na injin, munyi la'akari da abubuwan da za a iya canza a wajen. Yau, dukkanin mai amfani da injin suna neman camshafts da ke iya karyawa da abubuwan masu mahimmanci kamar turbocharging ko canzawa zuwa sarufan cylinder heads masu kyakkyawan flow. Abin da ya kamata amsa ne a cikin bayaɗin al'amuran ne game da wannan abu. Amma kafin kammala wani abu, dubi yadda duk abubuwa suke aiki tare da valve springs, rockers, da angle na pushrod bisa ga ma'auni da mafarkin ya bayar. Masu amfani da forced induction generally ke bukatar yau da biyu zuwa shida daraja ka wurin exhaust timing dibu da injin na riga. Wannan ke taimakawa wajen izinin batun cirewa ta hanyar intake kuma yake kula da harshen. Muna ganin wannan abin da ya faru a kowace lokacin a testing dyno sessions mu a wasan.

Sakawa Lambar Valvetrain da Haɗin Komponin

Daidaitacciyar abubuwan sana'a masu alamu suna da mahimmanci—abubuwan da ba su dace ba suna ce 68% na rashin kama a cikin injin masu canje-canje (Motion Drives & Controls, 2023). Daidaitacciyar haɗin zai bada tsammanin ci gaba da aiki.

Spring, Rocker Arms, da Cylinder Heads: Haɗin Abubuwa zuwa ne akan Cam Load

Kama da na'urar kamanan high lift, dole ne a amfani da an gurji valve masu tsinkaya. Misali, camshaft mai tsere 0.550 inch zai buƙe shi da wani ukuwa mai girma game da 20 zuwa 30% yawa karfi na farko (spring seat pressure) don kare waƙaɓaƙen valve float. Rocker arms kuma suna da taimakon su. Rabi bayani kan intake da exhaust valves yana da mahimmanci sosai. Daukar dari 1.5 zuwa 1 ratio zuwa 1.7 zuwa 1 zai iya hada karfin tsere valve ta 13% ko fiye. Wannan yana nufin abin da ake buƙata waje don movement na kyau na valve da kuma kare rocker suna da izini a lokacin aiki shine abin muyi kama. Kar a magana da design na cylinder head baya. Yadda chambers sune da shape suna directly impact how close pistons get to valves during operation and ultimately influences how efficiently fuel burns inside the combustion chamber.

Hydraulic, Solid, Roller, da Flat-Tappet Lifters: Tasiri zuwa tsarin cam da zurfi

An samar da alakari ne, zai iya kula da kayan aikin cam zuwaƙa sai yawa kuma taimaka wajen kara inganci na lobe ta hanyar 40% a lokacin da aka amfani da su a cikin halayyin da ke da goyon. Ko dai, wannan zai sa kuduren ku kasance ta dabam dabam daga 300 zuwa 500 dollarin dolarin Amerika a kusantar biyan kuɗi. An samar da alakari na hydraulic suna yi aiki kyautu don kula da kwana kuma suna canzawa kala da yau, wanda ke taimakawa ga manyan masoyi. Amma, waɗannan tsarin zai fara gudu karfin kuɗi lokacin da yawan rufe mai girman yana da fi 6,500 rpm. Alakar da alakari suna ba da kontininta mai kyau a yawan rufe mai girman amma suna da abin da babu shi ne game da buƙatar gwadawa da sakamako na valve a kewayon lokaci. Lokacin da kake zaɓi tsakanin waɗannan hanyoyin, munahim ya ƙididi meye daya daga cikinsu ke iya tasowar karakterin aiki, kuma ingancin kayan aikin, kuma yadda yawa za a buƙata ayyukan sadarwa a gaba.

Ƙarfafa Kasafofi na Makini: Gwagwar Cam Lift da Fassarar Valve

Kowane yawa mai zurfi na piston zuwa valve—hanya zuwa 0.005"—za ake iya kawo mutunci ga injin. Duk da wakon shigar da cam, always degree the cam and check clearances using modeling clay or dial indicators. A cikin abubuwan da ke sa gaskiya, bari 15–20% karanci yanzu duk da abin da aka samuwa a injin mai nafasi don account for thermal expansion under load.

Za su ba da kyauko'in abubuwa suna nuna idan cam ya kamata kuɗi ko za ta zama batun kwanciyar kuɗi. Nada abubuwan daga baya, sannan saukake su.

Istilahin da Yanki da Rabi'ar Gear Suna Da Wakiltar Aiki Na Camshaft

Manual vs. Automatic Transmissions: Yaushe Suke Iyaka Tsarin Zama Na Camshaft Duration

Tsarin kauye suna daidaitawa da wadannan cam na tsawon mafafaɗin da ke fayyace ukuwa a cikin yanayin RPM mai tsawo. Wannan yana ba da damar mai tsada in gama dakan gwiwar injin ta hanyar kauyen lokaci daya. Amma alaka da shi, tsarin kauye na otonaƙi suna tare da abubuwan da suka hausa sosai ne akan muhajirin torque da kauyen da komputa ke konta shi, don haka suna bukatar cam na yanki mai tsawon mafafaɗin da ke kaucewa kan samun ukuwa sosai a sama na yanayin RPM. Lokacin da za a raba abubuwa a kofon waya, masu karga na otonaƙi sababada bukatar cam waɗanda zasu samar da torque mai karanci ga 15 zuwa 20% a sama na RPM dibu da masu kauye. Ba da wannan zafi na farko, mutum mai saukewa na torque ya kamata ya barke kuma masu karga baya lafiya sosai yayin da ake buƙata su.

Haɗin Kurto: Nisassan Gear da Kedon Samun Ukuwa ta Camshaft

Samunsa nisar daidaita gudummawa da yadda camshaft ta kawo torque yana sa makaranta su dace shiga da kuma yin aiki mai zurfi. Wasu bincike kan injin V4 da wasu transmission sun fada abin da ta furta: lokacin da ke amfani da gear na 4.10:1 wajen rear wajen da cams da ba su da zafi, ma'amumin turbocharged za su iya samun 60 mph game da 1.2 seconds sabon karanci. Ga injinai da ba su da turbo, yin amfani da gear mai zurfi yana taimakawa wajen bada abin da ya barcin cam profile mai zurfi. Injin yana tsayawa a sama a cikin range na ukuƙurna kasa har zuwa kusan 3,500 RPM, wato masu sayarwa su samun karancin 8 zuwa kusan 12% karancin ukuƙurna da za su iya amfani da ita. Lokacin da duk abubuwan sun haɗu daidai kamar haka, akwai ƙarin rashin farko mai zurfi a tsakanin canzawa na gear, kuma makarnan yana fara kyau a yayin yin lolo a sakonnin halitta ba a track na gwaji bane.

Gudanar da Drivability da kuma Tace Dukko Mai Tsokaci Na Sayarwa Na Camshaft

Cikakken Kuɗi, Ayyukan Throttle, da Emissions: Fuskakuwa a Duniya Mai Kyau

Wannan lokacin da kamar yadda aka saita camshafts masu harshen, yana da wani fuskakuwa akan yadda maimakon mota ya dace, yadda throttle ta dace, da abin da ke fitowa ne dari baya. Cam profiles masu tsawon karshen 220 daraja a 0.050 inch lift suna magana kan kuɗin torque na farko har maƙarfi 15 zuwa 20% yayin da suka hada da hydrocarbon emissions kamar 12%. Nemanin nuna mota mai kyau a shekara ta gabata tana nuna wannan rashin lafiya. Don haka, masu yawa mai bada mota suna buƙatar tsarin computer na biyan kashe domin idanuwa daidai a cikin girmama da kuma zama cikin iyaka na qada’i na emissions. Masu amfani da mota a kullum suna iya yi aiki kyautu da lobe separation angles daga 112 zuwa 114 daraja. Wannan wurin lafiya yana ba da sarrafa zuwa gas na alhaji baki har maƙarfi shi pressure na vacuum da ake buƙata don kayan aikin muhimmi da hanyar yin amfani da gidan.

Kunshi da Koma Mai Tsauri Da Abubuwan Da Ake Amfani Da Su: Mabaɓin Hanyar Zaune Na Yaukaka A Yayin Zauzauwar Cam

Kada an zauna cam wajen nuni daya kawai ne, an kafa ikhalinta ta. A yanzu waɗanda suka dace da cam suna iya kama da matsaloli a valvetrain, kuma yanzu waɗanda suka dace da cam suna iya kama da matsaloli a kayan uku. Matsala ya kasance mai zurfi kada an sanya cam tare da lift mai zurfi amma ba a saukar da valve spring har ma. Wannan zai kama da coil bind. Babu abin da mutane suka fuskanta shine tsari na transmission. Transmission na automatic tare da torque converter na factory zai iya kama da uku daga biyu na ikharin power a sama mai qaranci kada aka yiwa shi da cam profile na transmission na manual. Waɗanda suka gudua suna ganin alamar da ke zaman lafiya batake suyiwa da alamar da ke warshika. Abubuwan kamar range na ikharin engine, kayan aikin da suka dace, da setup na exhaust system suna da mahimmanci fiye da alamar horsepower da ke warshika.

Saba Daga Sabon Wannan

Shin kama-girma tsakanin lift da duration a cikin camshaft performance?

Yana nuna yaduwa ne guda uku suna fayyace waɗanda suka faru, yayin da duration yana nuna wucewa suna taka. Dukko daga cikinsu ke tsayawa tasiri kan airflow da kuma power output na injin, musamman a sama RPMs.

Me zai kamshaft duration bukatar haɗi da RPM range na injin?

Haɗin camshaft duration da desired RPM range na injin yana tabbatarwa optimal power delivery da efficiency. Zuciya zai iya sabunta decrease a cikin performance na speed range mai amfani da injin.

Yaya lobe separation angles ke tsayawa tasiri kan engine performance?

Angles masu narrow separation ke kara inganci airflow a sama RPMs amma za su iya haɓaka idan ke taka. Amma angles masu wide separation ke baɗawa idan ke taka da kyau kuma kyakkyawan performance a regular driving speeds.

Wanne rawar transmission type ke yawa a cikin camshaft selection?

Tsarin kogin harshen yin amfani da camtsun da ke tsakanin lokacin ya bada ukuƙuwa, yayin da camtsun da ke yauke yauke suna bukatar camtsun da ke kara gabaɗayan alkarfi don inganta ayyukan mota.

Mene ne mai mahimmanci wajen tabbatar da yin da abubuwan da ke iko su dace ne a lokacin aya camshaft?

Tabbatar da yin da abubuwan da ke iko—kamar ankwaci, rockers, da lifters—sun dace ne ake bukata wajen kula da kuskuren ikon jiki kuma kawo ayyukan mota zuwa tsaki.